Physical violence is now often approached globally as a public health crisis. In 2002, the World Health Organisation declared violence a major ‘health burden’ and, since then, it has routinely been positioned as a global health emergency. Yet when did the connections between violence and contagious disease first become embedded in the English-language imagination as an influential narrative? And how might the development of a clear history of such a phenomenon aid ongoing treatments of violence today? 1. Excellence Through close analysis of work by writers including Mary Shelley and Anne Brontë, my research locates this moment in the nineteenth century, at a time when an increasing number of interdisciplinary writers were explicitly aligning physical brutality with ill health. The nineteenth century was an age of global contagion: advances in medical science and legal interventions led to the popularisation of an English-language vocabulary of infection that influenced conceptualisations of violence. Understandings of violence changed from being predominantly linked to sin and self-determined morality to something that could be understood through technologies of observation and control, which had also emerged around contagious diseases in the Victorian period. My research examines how this shift developed alongside a tendency to compare and overlap conceptions of violence and contagious disease. Through the combination of literary-historical methodologies and an engagement with current public discourses surrounding treating violence as a public health crisis in England and Ireland, I will show how the “violence as contagious” narrative became central to debates around criminal responsibility and the rise of violence as a cultural problem. My project emphasises the significance of violence in historical narratives of health and, in the process, explores how Victorian imaginings of violence as contagious anticipate and potentially inform ongoing public health approaches to violence today, through identifying both effective and detrimental implications of such interventions.
