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Characteristics, patterns, trends and outcomes of aortic diseases in the West of Ireland between 2003-2023.

Ketones provide an essential peripheral energy source when glucose is not readily available, such as during periods of starvation or prolonged exercise. Recent studies have focused on the role of physiological ketosis, achieved through carbohydrate restriction, in improving health. A better understanding of the changes in ketone concentrations that occur with dietary carbohydrate restriction might help to elucidate the mechanisms underlying metabolic improvements or explain variations in the therapeutic response. This single-center cross-over observational study will recruit 10 healthy adult volunteers from the University of Galway community of students and staff. Plasma ketone concentrations will be measured every fifteen minutes over three hours during one of six specific scenarios following a 24-hour fast. These scenarios include (fasting, 30 minutes of low, moderate, and high intensity aerobic exercise, a low carbohydrate meal, and a standard meal). We seek to describe the area under the concentration curve for capillary “point of care” beta-hydroxybutyric acid concentrations measured over three hours following each condition.